What is minoxidil, the anti-balding hair growth treatment? Here’s what the science says

By Jacinta L. Johnson, Kirsten Staff, University of South Australia

Hair loss (also known as alopecia) often affects the scalp but can occur anywhere on the body. It’s very common and usually nothing to worry about; about half of Australian men show signs of visible baldness at age 50 and over a quarter of Australian women report hair thinning by the same age. It’s often genetic.

But if you’ve noticed hair loss and are worried by it, see a GP or dermatologist for a diagnosis before trying any treatments. Products claiming to reverse hair loss are everywhere, but few have been scientifically tested for how well they work.

One group of products that have actually been scientifically tested, however, are known as topical minoxidil products. These include products such as Regaine®.

So, do they work? Here’s what the research evidence says, what you can realistically expect and what you need to know if you’re considering this treatment.

What is minoxidil – and does it work?

Topical minoxidil usually comes as a kind of foam or serum you apply to your scalp.

It’s been approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australia’s regulatory authority for therapeutic goods, for the treatment of hereditary hair loss in males and females. Minoxidil is also available in tablet form, but this isn’t currently approved for hair loss (more on that later).

So, is topical minoxidil effective? In short – yes, but the results vary widely from person to person, and it needs to be used consistently over several months to see results.

Scientists don’t know exactly how minoxidil works. It may affect the different phases of the hair life cycle, thereby encouraging growth. It also opens up blood vessels near hair follicles.

This increases blood flow, which in turn delivers more oxygen and nutrients to the hair.

While minoxidil is unlikely to restore a full head of thick, lush, hair, it can slow down hair loss and can stimulate regrowth.

It is the over-the-counter option with the most evidence. Two strengths are available: 5% and 2%.

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