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Dyson sphere
A Dyson sphere is a hypothetical mega structure that completely encompasses a star and captures a large percentage of its power output. The concept is just a thought experiment for now, that attempts to explain how a spacefaring civilization would meet its energy requirements once those requirements exceed what can be generated from the home planet's resources alone.
Because only a tiny fraction of a star's energy emissions reaches the surface of any orbiting planet, building structures encircling a star would enable a civilization to harvest far more energy, resulting in a far greater civilization.
Funnily, the Dyson sphere originated in fiction, and it is a concept that has appeared often in science fiction since then. In fictional accounts, Dyson spheres are most often depicted as Dyson shell.
The concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment by physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, when he theorized that all technological civilizations constantly increased their demand for energy and the need for a greater civilization.