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The climate of North East India is changing: Rainfall patterns over the region in the last century have considerably changed, resulting in its overall drying up. The India Meteorological Department September forecast stated that normal to below-normal rainfall was most likely to continue over many areas of northwest and northeast India.
What are rainfall patterns in the region changing?
An aspect of warming that influences rainfall is drying of the land, which increases the frequency and intensity of dry periods and droughts. An increase in moisture and the drying up together change the rainfall patterns in unpredictable ways.
Other climatic factors such as the increased snowfall in the Eurasian region also impact monsoon rainfall in North East India. Excessive snowfall in Eurasia causes cooling of the atmosphere of region, which triggers events eventually leading to a weak summer monsoon season there.
A study in JGR Atmospheres attributed the decrease in rainfall to sea surface temperatures over the sub-tropical Pacific Ocean, which vary in a cycle and each phase of which lasts a decade. The peak comes every 20 years and is known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).
A Journal of Climate research paper from 2016 also found that PDO is being influenced by global warming as it decreases the difference of temperatures among the layers of the ocean. It said the peak of PDO will change from 20 to 12 years, which may have an impact on the monsoon rainfall in the North East India.
These factors may be at play in the north-eastern region of India.
Read full article at:
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/climate-crisis-in-north-east-india-why-are-rainfall-patterns-changing--78879