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The foundation of India’s civilization was laid on the banks of the mighty
river Sindhu (modern historians call it Indus). It is popularly known as
the Indus Valley Civilization. Discoveries of various sites and extensive
excavations in Mohenjo Daro and Harappa in the 1920s revealed for the
first time that India had a great civilization going back around five thousand
years. The discovery of this civilization at once placed India in the league
of ancient civilizations that grew up on the alluvial plains between the
Euphrates and the Tigris – such as Akkad, Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria.
The Indus Valley and Harappan excavations brought to light the vast
panorama of India’s past which presented before the world the magnificent accomplishments of the Indians five thousand years ago. A civilization reaches its zenith over a long period of time. In that sense, the antiquity
of the Indus Valley Civilization goes further back.
Historians say that the Indus Valley–Harappan was an urban
civilization. There were magnificent buildings built with burnt bricks; there
were well-laid roads; there were baths made in perfect geometrical shapes;
there were granaries, markets and shops. Although there were no structures
like the pyramids of Egypt in the Indus Valley, the picture created by the
historians of this civilization is that of a well developed urban society where
there was great affluence, with artistic accomplishment of a high order
exemplified by the exquisite statuettes that were excavated and the
symmetry of the structures discovered. The rare beauty of these creations
manifests a high level of aesthetic sense of the Indus Valley people. Although
we have not been able to decipher the Indus script so far, which would have revealed many more things about this civilization and its people,historians are mesmerized by its magnificence.
To be continued....