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The geological structure of Afghanistan is similar to that of Iran in the west and the eastern part of the Himalayas. However, the Hindu Kush Mountains are Afghanistan's most prominent natural feature, with an altitude of 4 to more than 6,000 meters.
Mountains such as Spinghar, Suleiman, and Khaja Imran separate Afghanistan from Pakistan, and the Paghman and Golkuh ranges extend from northeast to southwest within the territory.
Similarly, the regions of Badakhshan and Nuristan on the Hindu Kush and Hazarajat in the central part are covered by other mountain ranges and other branches of the Hindu Kush and its western extension, Kuhbaba, Siahkuh, and Sefidkuh, form a complex mountain range. In the west of Hindu Kush, the altitude is lower, and the ground is flatter, to the point that it even leads to flat deserts in some areas.
The flat and plain parts of Afghanistan include three regions:
The area between the foothills of the northern slopes of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya
The area located between the southwestern slopes along the low-lying sections of the Herat rivers
Farah and Helmand and the desert region south of Kandahar
The difference between summer and winter temperatures in Afghanistan is significant, and due to its unevenness, different climates prevail in each region.
Afghanistan's important animals include wolves, foxes, hyenas, jackals, gazelles, wild dogs, wild cats, cheetahs, mink, blind mice, hedgehogs, bats, and bipeds reptiles and birds, including pheasants, ducks. , Ducks, storks, pelicans, beetles, partridges, crows, vultures, eagles, and other birds of prey.