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2. Unique riverine Geography of Tilkeshwarsthana :- As mentioned above, the ruins at Tilkeshwar Sthana are surrounded by waters for most part of the year. Regarding the river systems in Darbhanga the District Gazetteer (1964) mentions:- “The (Darbhanga) subdivision generally constitutes one low-lying plain containing a number of marshes and intersected by many streams and rivers, of which the most important are the Baghmati, Little Baghmati, Kamla and Tiljuga.
The Baghmati, which enters this subdivision from Muzaffarpur subdivision, pursuing a south-easterly course till it empties itself into the Burhi Gandak river near Rusera. The Little Baghmati enters the subdivision from the Madhubani subdivision near Pali and runs past the town of Darbhanga down to Hayaghat, where it is joined by the Baghmati proper. The Karai, which traverses the whole of Rusera thana, emerges from the Kamla and the Baghmati, and joins the Tiljuga at Tilkeshwar. The Kamla enters the subdivision at Singar Pandaul, and flowing east of Darbhanga joins the Tiljuga at the south-east corner of Rusera Thana. The Tilguja skirts the eastern boundary of the subdivision... The Baghmati, or better known as Muzaffar Baghmati, rises in Nepal and after traversing through Muzaffarpur district enters Darbhanga district near Kalanjar Ghat, Pursues an easterly direction parallel to Burhi Gandak. It formerly joined this river near Rusera, but within the last 70 years, it has cut a new bed for itself and now flows into Karai....
Karai prior to its junction which Baghmati, is an unimportant stream and after joining with Baghmati flows south-easterly to Tilkeshwar and ultimately falls into Kosi. In flood season, the spill water of the river overfloods large areas.... The river Kamla rises in Nepal, enters Darbhanga district just east of Jaynagar town in the north and flowing southwards and then in a south-easterly direction to Tilkeshwar falls into Tiljuga and ultimately into Kosi by various tortuous routes.
To be continued......